Is Black Pride Racism Essay - 1218 Words

â€Å"A man who stands for nothing will fall for anything.† (Malcolm X) The African- American race as people have faced many challenges and has been through many struggles and oppressions. These events in history have fostered a sense of pride and for some hate in later generations. The pride that African- Americans have is usually referred to as Black Supremacy, Black Pride, and Black Power. The ideas of these prides are for black people as whole to have strong sense of who they are as a people, self-worth, self-determination, and equality. Every race should have these feelings, but some people take this to heart and find it offence because there are extremist groups who take these to beliefs above and beyond. Black Supremacy is not racism†¦show more content†¦During the first site of segregation to its last days, many White establishments like schools were far superior to Black schools and establishments (â€Å"Racism Timeline†). Segregations is a disadvantag e to both races because it creates feelings of degradation among blacks and raises prejudice in whites (â€Å"Racism Timeline†). Whites and Blacks had separate hotels, railroad cars, restaurants, water fountains, and schools. There was no particular reason for this. Before Civil rights acts were passed, blacks did not have the right to vote, own property, to contract or sue, and no testifying against whites, these are basic rights that someone who acquires citizenship to The United States of America earns. Blacks were treated like they were not even citizens of the country. These acts were called Black Codes or Jim Crow laws, and were mainly in the South (â€Å"The Advent of the Jim Crow†). These laws sprouted so quickly in the South because of the Civil War. After the Civil War, there was the reconstruction where racism intensifies. However, during this time Charles Darwin helped created a new form of racism, scientific racism. In scientific racism, racists use science to justify that their race is genetically and scientifically proven to be the superior. In 1866, the KKK was founded in Nashville Tennessee by Confederate Civil War veterans because they wanted to block the reconstruction and promote White Power (â€Å"RacismShow MoreRelated Richard Wrights Black Boy as a Catalyst to End Racism Essay1458 Words   |  6 PagesBlack Boy as a Catalyst to End Racism Around 2000 B.C., Egyptians enslaved Jews in bondage like caged animals because they were targeted as a lesser race and thus chosen for labor. Just 1500 years later, the Jews themselves were the culprits of racism labeling the very association with Samaritans as a deep sin. In 1861_1865, the United States divided brother against brother in one of its bloodiest battles of all time over black slavery.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Racism survives not simply as an intangibleRead MoreAnalysis Of The Meaning Of Serena Williams Essay1190 Words   |  5 PagesBlack excellence; a term possibly defined as the recognition and celebration of the successes of the black community. Lacking from the definition is the idea that black excellence cannot be achieved without understanding its relation to apparent racist perpetrations. In an essay discussing Serena Williams, entitled â€Å"The Meaning of Serena Williams†, by Claudia Rankine, she states, â€Å"the notable difference between black excellence and white excellence is white excellence is achieved without having toRead MoreRacial Discrimination And Discrimination1669 Words   |  7 PagesRacism has consistently been used as a way to express hate and to oppress others on the basis of race. 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ImagineRead MoreAnalysis Of Tableau And Incident By Countee Cullen753 Words   |  4 PagesThe poems †Å"Tableau† and â€Å"Incident† by Countee Cullen are about racism, but both have a different take on it. The African American author wrote in 1900’s , when racism was common and more acceptable. Cullen’s work became more popular during the Harlem Renaissance in the 1920’s. Both poems are developed with different writing mechanics to convey a clear message to the reader or audience. Cullen uses figurative language and tone to develop the theme in each text. The figurative language of each poemRead MoreTableau Analytical Essay . The Harlem Renaissance Was A1351 Words   |  6 Pagesand created a call for equality. Cullen wrote the poem â€Å"Tableau† to demonstrate the varying views of racism. In â€Å"Tableau† Countee Cullen communicates a desire to end racial injustice through the use of setting, contradiction, figurative language, and characterization. Cullen s poem, â€Å"Tableau†, consists of 3 stanzas written in an iambic tetrameter in which every other line rhymes. The idea of racism is set through the setting and the perception of people in different situations. For example, theRead MoreEssay on Changes Brought About by the Civil Rights Movement1095 Words   |  5 Pagesofficer checking on a group of black teenagers that didnt do any crime, but just walking on streets. It shows that blacks were treated differently from whites, if white teenagers were hanging around on the street, the police officer wouldnt check them. All of the examples above can be concluded in one word, which is racism. Racism happened a lot at United State, the whites treated the African-American badly and called them blacks or niggers. 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Dà ©sirà ©e was abandoned by her family when she was young and was adopted by, Madame Valmonde, a rich white family. One day Armand Aubigny was passing when he saw Dà ©sirà ©e next to a stone pillar, where he falls in love with her instantly . They get married and have a baby boyRead MoreSocial Inequality And Black Magic1030 Words   |  5 Pagesinequalities featured in the popular television show American Horror Story: Coven. In addition to violence and black magic, the miniseries explored some new horror themes: racism and sexism. Coven was highly heavily criticized by its viewers for including many black stereotypes, trivializing rape, and distastefully portraying women as a mysterious species to men. Sexism and racism are quite prominent in our society and instead of shedding light o n these issues with respect, American Horror Story

Analysis of Virgin and Child with Lilies by Luca Della Robbia

Yun Zhang Renaissance Art in Context Dec.13th. 2012 FA231 Professor Stephanie Leone Virgin and child with lilies Italian (Florence)†¨about 1460–70 Luca della Robbia †¨ Overall: 48 x 38cm (18 7/8 x 14 15/16in.) Glazed terracotta †¨ Classification: Sculpture†¨ Type: Relief†¨ Museum of Fine Arts, Boston Virgin and child with lilies Italian (Florence)†¨about 1460–70 Luca della Robbia †¨ Overall: 48 x 38cm (18 7/8 x 14 15/16in.) Glazed terracotta †¨ Classification: Sculpture†¨ Type: Relief†¨ Museum of Fine Arts, Boston In this artwork attributed to Luca della Robbia made in 1460-70, Virgin and Child with lilies depicts Mary as the mother of God, instead of the queen in heaven, and emphasized the maternal†¦show more content†¦In this relief, we see it as Christ the child shares the viewer his joy of starting his new adventure as well as praising the purity of Virgin Mary. There are also three angels emerging from the cloud. In the Old Testament, angel’s functions refer to convey God’s will to mankind, which in this relief the angels reminds us of their role as â€Å"annunciators (ABRAHAM, 2: The three angels). They were the ones who carried messages from god and annunciated the birth of Christ. They are the witnesses of Christ the child coming to the human world as well as proof of Virgin Mary’s virtue of immaculate. In this relief, they are the guardian of the Virgin and child as well as admirers of Mary’s pure and virgin status. With their hands holding togeth er in prayer, they show their blessings and caring to the mother and son as well as to the human world. In addition, unlike other Virgin Mary we see in churches’ altarpieces that are usually seated on throne, we also have Mary sitting humbly on the ground in this relief. According to Dictionary of Subjects and Symbols in Art, there is a popular theme of â€Å"Madonna of Humility† which its essential figure is that the Virgin is seated on the ground. The dictionary also states that artists set Virgin Mary on the ground to convey a medieval theology,

English legal system free essay sample

The English legal system is a common law system, where the decisions of sitting judges in a case have future influence over future courts. Judicial Precedent binds judges by past decisions of higher courts, stare decisis, and they abide by them. This could be said to create a consistent and fair system i. e. a body of legal principles. Statutory Interpretation is how judges interpret/understand statutes, i. e. legislation set by Parliament. The two are linked in that they will help judges deal with cases in circumstances which have arisen before but also new situations where the law will need to be applied for the first time. This is where precedent is created and leads us to consider whether judges whose job it is to interpret the law should create law. A judgement has two parts the Ratio Decidendi which is the legal reasoning for the decision and the Obiter Dictum which is the statement by the way, it can be helpful in that it can contain persuasive precedent e. g. if the facts had been different. In the case of R v Howe (1986) the House of Lords rules that duress could never be defence to a charge for murder and added in the obiter that it couldnt be a defence for attempted murder either. In R v Gotts (1992) the Court of Appeal turned down the defence of duress for attempted murder persuaded by the obiter of the superior court even though it wasnt binding. Persuasive precedent may also come from a lower court such as in R v R (1991) where the House of Lords held the decision of the Court of Appeal. Here a new precedent overturned the assumption that a man cannot rape his wife. This shows that through precedent the law can evolve as society develops and absurd outcomes can be avoided that occur by simply following the statutes. Judicial Precedent can be avoided by distinguishing, i. e. the fact of the case were different. The cases of Balfour v Balfour (1919) and Merritt v Merritt (1971), were considered different as in the Merritt case there was a legal contract between husband and wife in writing where as the Balfour case was a domestic arrangement with no written contract. A judge can impose a narrow ratio definition and claim that it doesnt apply to their case as well as reversing or overruling a decision to avoid precedent. Judges avoid overruling as that would mean they were challenging existing legislation or precedent and making law rather than interpreting it. Bellinger v Bellinger (2005), showed the judges accepted they couldnt change the law regarding transgender marriage as this was the job of parliament. In the case of R v R (1991) they were careful to state they were removing a misconception rather than changing the law. Avoiding precedent disadvantages the consistency of case law and the certainty which it brings, where one could be sure of an outcome based on what has come before. Case law saves time and money as the principles of a case dont have to be reargued. It doesnt make sense to challenge an established legal rule which have been justified by formal justice (Ratio Decidendi). It does allow judges discretion and evolving technology means that is necessary as the facts are frequently changing. This means precedent is modified as interpretation of the law can change over time. It can be up to the judge whether they are bound or not, which goes against the system on which the English Legal System was founded. When making an original precedent one must be careful as this will have an impact on all future similar cases, in Hunter and others v Canary Wharf Ltd and London Docklands Development Corporation (1995) there was no precedent case so Aldreds Case (1611) and the blocking of a TV signal was equated to the blocking of a view in that it was inconvenient but not actionable. This shows another disadvantage of case law where judges can be seen to by take in the creation of law. However this sort of discretion avoids small matters heading to parliament. Statutory Interpretation is important as it leads to the creation of precedent. It is important as a word can have more than one meaning, the legislation can be poorly worded and over time language changes. For example in Brock v DPP (1993) there was unclarity over the wording of the Dangerous Dogs Act 1991. There are four ways of statutory interpretation. The literal rule takes the wording as it stands without really considering the meaning. R v Goodwin (2005) attempted to equate a jet-ski to a ship and convicted under the Merchant Shipping Act. Seeing as there was no precedent for these facts an attempt to interpret this piece of legislation in this way led to an absurd outcome. A higher court quashed the conviction seeing a jet-ski was not a navigation ship. This approach is fair in that the wishes of parliament are followed by sometimes the wording of statues causes problems in the interpretation e. g. Inland Revenue v Hinchy (1960) where it was unclear whether the fine for a late tax return was treble tax owed or treble the total tax bill. The literal approach led to a much bigger fine than was merited. Clearly this method has limitations when wording can be challenged, however it makes sure judges declare law rather than make it so keeps law creation and declaration independent. The golden rule is used when the literal rule would lead to an absurd outcome. It can be applied in the narrow sense where a word has two meanings. In R v Allen (1872) to take the word marry at its first meaning would make bigamy impossible and nobody would be guilty. Similarly Adler v George (1964) where in the area itself constituted in the vicinity of the area. Application in the wider sense is a little more controversial as judges can be seen to be making law. The wording of the statute is adapted to avoid an absurd outcome. Re Sigsworth (1935), judges prevented a son directly profiting from the murder of his mother as to take the Administration of Estates Act 1925 literally would have let an estate directly profit from an offence. Here a precedent was set and it could be said to be an instance of judiciary creativity. The situation was different in R v National Insurance Commissioner ex parte Connor (1981) but due to the precedent set in Sigsworth would have led to an injustice. This led to the courts having discretionary power on such types of case. A similar situation arose in R v Human Fertilisation and Embryo Authority, ex p Blood (1997) where a husband couldnt give consent to artificial insemination due to being in a coma, here the literal rule was used leading to a harsh outcome even though Mrs Blood had sympathy of courts. There was no reason to reject the literal rule due to certainty in the legislation and the outcome was not absurd. The mischief rule is the most flexible with respect to interpretation, the judge can ask what remedy parliament was trying to provide, i. e. solution to mischief rather than simple words of statute. In Smith v Hughes (1960) the Street Offences Act 1959 meant to stop soliciting in a public place could include attracting attention from your balcony or window. A literal approach here would have favoured the defendant leading to an undesirable outcome. In Royal College Nursing v DHSS (1981) advancements in medical science meant it was now acceptable for nurses to carry out abortions. One could say that here common sense remedied the previous uncertain state of the law which concerned back street abortions, however this case points to legislation being rewritten rather than interpreted as it was outdated. The purposive approach looks beyond the words of the statute and considers the reason for its creation. It is used when interpreting EU law which is sometimes vague having been translated from another language. In Diocese of Hallam Trustee v Connaughton (1996) a British court ruled that paying a male successor significantly more to a female predecessor in a job amounted to sexual discrimination under Article 119 Treaty of Rome, equal pay for equal work. It is important to recognise that the interpretation of statutes and judicial precedent go hand in hand. Statutes becoming outdated and can adapt a new modern meaning. Precedent may not be relevant when the science or technology changes it. It is the interpretation of statutes that creates precedent, and where possible it should be binding so that English Law remains fair, consistent and efficient. The precedent set in the Royal College Nursing case was followed in R (Quintavalle) v Secretary of State for Health (2005) that parliament couldnt have intended to leave CNR embryos unregulated. Whilst this assumes the wishes of parliament it is not possible to rewrite legislation of each development in science. Judges seem best placed to make subtle changes to statutes based on their experience and understanding of previous cases, however they must have firm legal reasoning for doing this and choosing not to follow precedent. English law allows for flexibility that avoids nonsense outcomes and discretion of judges is key to this as shown in R v R (1991). Judges must be careful to avoid personal prejudice and personal views. To not use the literal rule and to look further into legislation and asking what is considered an absurdity is already a point of view. This flexibility can as long as it is not abused be seen as a strength due to the efficiency it brings. To conclude Judicial Precedent and Statutory Interpretation play a big part in the shaping of English law attempting to provide fairness, consistency and clarity but giving judges enough room to manoeuvre where cases merit special consideration. There are critics who would say that the judiciary should only declare the law, but ambiguous legislation and subtle differences in cases due to technological developments mean that judges need to look beyond the wording to ensure that common sense prevails and justice is done.